Language
Traditionally, Dutch judges, arbitrators, experts, and lawyers have good command of foreign languages such as English (the Netherlands ranking 1st on the English Proficiency Index), French, and German. Evidence in legal proceedings can normally be submitted in those languages without the need for a Dutch translation. In other countries, exhibits must usually be submitted with a (certified) translation, leading to higher costs and increasing the risk of errors. Also witnesses may often be heard in English in Dutch courts. Arbitration in foreign languages is common. The Rotterdam District Court offers the possibility to proceed in English in maritime, transport and trade matters.